第四章炎症概述·炎症的概念具有血管系统的话体组织对各种损伤因子所发生的一种防御性反应变质、渗出和增生血管反应是炎症过程的中心环节。Steps of theThe inflammatory response is a body'ssecond line of defense against invasionby pathogens.Why is it important thatclotting factors from the circulatory sys-tem have access to the injured area?WoundSkinDamaged tissuesrelease histamines.PhagocyteHistamineBacteriaand cellular debrisPlatelets move out ofthe capillary to seal thewounded area.Histamines cause capil-Plateletslaries to leak,releasingphagocytes and clottingfactors into the wound.Mast cellFibroblastMacrophageCONNECTIVETISSUECELLSSmoothmusclePlateletsBasophilVESSELSClotting factors,kininogens,andcomplementPolymorphonuclearMonocytecomponentsEosinophilleukocyteLymphocyteEndotheliumBasementmembraneCONNECTIVETISSUEMATRIXElastic fibersCollagen fibersProteoglycans©Elsevier2005The components of acute and chronic inflammatory responses:circulating cells andproteins,cells of blood vessels,and cells and proteins of the extracellular matrix.Celsus,a Roman writer of the first centuryAD,first listed the four cardinal signs ofinflammation:rubor,tumor,calor,and dolor(redness,swelling,heat,and pain).A fifthclinical sign,loss of function (functio laesa)was later added by Virchow-local manifestationof inflammation